Getting the most from the multi-disciplinary team

This toolkit was developed in collaboration with sector stakeholders and through desk-based research to showcase good practice in enabling learners to integrate within multi-disciplinary teams (MDTs) at each stage of their journey to registration. Each page is intended to address different learner stages, progressing from theory to active clinical practice, via safe experiential learning environments to develop confidence and competence. 

Commonly identified key elements of a successful multi-disciplinary team (MDT) include:

  • Shared goals: While members have different roles, the team works towards common goals for the client’s health and wellbeing. There is a shared purpose
  • Defined roles: Each team member has clear responsibilities, reducing duplication and inefficiencies. For example, CLOs might manage medical contact lenses, while DOs provide low-vision services, allowing optometrists to focus on advanced diagnostics or IP roles
  • Collaborative decision-making: Professionals from various disciplines actively engage in discussions to determine the best course of action for the patient
  • Diverse perspectives: By incorporating multiple viewpoints, MDTs aim to create solutions that might not emerge from a single discipline
  • Patient-centred approach: The needs of the patient are at the centre of the planning and decision-making process

Effective collaboration with other healthcare professionals ensures comprehensive patient care, reduces misdiagnoses, and facilitates timely referrals (Dharamsi et al., 2017). Teaching multidisciplinary teamwork to optometry and ophthalmic dispensing learners is essential in preparing them for interprofessional collaboration in clinical practice.

The NHS has also placed increasing importance on the use of multidisciplinary teams with HEE stating that “healthcare policy is driving the need for greater MDT working”. The Health Foundation states that “Multidisciplinary Team (MDT) working offers an opportunity to not only bridge the workforce gaps but to improve quality by drawing on a broader range of skills and competencies.” 

The General Optical Council (GOC) has highlighted the importance of interprofessional communication and collaboration in providing effective patient care. The integration of multidisciplinary teamwork (MDT) is crucial not only for achieving better clinical outcomes but also for preparing the next generation of eye care professionals to work in cohesive, collaborative environments. The GOC Education and Training Requirements (ETR) introduced a number of outcomes that outline the need to work collaboratively and communicate effectively with other healthcare professionals, alongside the GOC Standards of Practice for Optometrists and Dispensing Opticians requiring registrants to demonstrate collaborative team working and these are detailed in the drop-down tabs below.

References to multi-disciplinary teamworking skills:

O2.3 Communicate effectively within a multi-disciplinary healthcare team and works collaboratively for the benefit of the patient.

O4.7 Demonstrates the fulfilment of professional and legal responsibilities in supervising unregistered colleagues undertaking delegated activities.

O6.2 Works collaboratively within healthcare teams, exercising skills and behaviours of clinical leadership and effective team-working and management in line with their role and scope of practice.

References to multi-disciplinary teamworking skills:

O1.1 Establishes relationships with other professionals based on understanding, trust and respect for each other's roles in relation to contact lens and other care, and works collaboratively to ensure the delivery, transfer and continuity of care is assured and not comprised.

O2.6 Works within scope of practice and recognises when to refer or seek guidance from another member of the healthcare team or a specialist.

References to multi-disciplinary teamworking skills:

O1.1 Works collaboratively as part of wider MDT to ensure that the transfer and continuity of care (within and across all care settings) is developed and not compromised (RPS-10.1) (IP) (SP) (AS)

O1.2 Establishes relationships with other professionals based on understanding, trust and respect for each other's roles in relation to the patient's care. (RPS-10.2) (IP) (SP) (AS)

O3.10 Recognises when and where to refer appropriately or seek guidance from another member of the healthcare team, a specialist or appropriate information source when necessary. (RPS-1.14) (IP) (SP) (AS)

O4.19 Effectively and securely communicates information to other healthcare professionals involved in the patient's care when sharing or transferring care and prescribing responsibilities, within and across all care settings (RPS-4.14) (IP) (SP (AS)

Outcomes which incorporate the updated Royal Pharmaceutical Society’s (RPS) Competency Framework for all Prescribers (2021) are indicated by a corresponding reference to the updated RPS Competency Framework (e.g. [RPS-10.1]).

References to multi-disciplinary teamworking skills:

7.7 When in doubt, consult with professional colleagues appropriately for advice on assessment, examination, treatment and other aspects of patient care, bearing in mind the need for patient confidentiality.

9.2 Only delegate to those who have appropriate qualifications, knowledge or skills to perform the delegated activity.

9.4 Retain clinical responsibility for the patient. When delegating you retain responsibility for the delegated task and for ensuring that it has been performed to the appropriate standard.

10.1 Work collaboratively with colleagues within the optical professions and other healthcare practitioners in the best interests of your patients, ensuring that your communication is clear and effective.

10.2 Refer a patient only where this is clinically justified, done in the interests of the patient and does not compromise patient care or safety. When making or accepting a referral it must be clear to both parties involved who has responsibility for the patient's care.

10.3 Ensure that those individuals or organisations to which you refer have the necessary qualifications and registration so that patient care is not compromised.

10.4 Ensure that patient information is shared appropriately with others, and clinical records are accessible to all involved in the patient's care.

10.5 Where disagreements occur between colleagues, aim to resolve these for the benefit of the patient.

Throughout the toolkit terms are used as defined below:

  • Interdisciplinary

Definition: A team of professionals from different disciplines who work together in an integrated and coordinated manner, actively sharing knowledge and making joint decisions.

Collaboration: High level of interaction, with different specialists working together towards a unified treatment plan.

  • Intradisciplinary 

Definition: A team composed of professionals from the same discipline who collaborate within their field.

Collaboration: Limited to members of a single profession, such as optometrists working together or ophthalmologists consulting each other.

  • Multidisciplinary 

Definition: A team of professionals from different disciplines who work in parallel, each contributing their expertise independently.

Collaboration: Each professional assesses the patient independently, though they may share notes or communicate briefly regarding specific cases.