Purpose: This review will describe the current state of knowledge of the most common ocular/visual defects that eye care practitioners will encounter in children with Down’s syndrome, ie refractive errors, poor accommodation, strabismus and acuity deficits, concentrating on the contribution that my research team has made to this field. It will also describe the evidence-based management guidelines that arise from the research, as well as the importance of dissemination in ensuring  that research translates into changes in clinical practice.