A number of factors can lead to an increased risk of stroke. This paper reviews the risk factors for stroke that can be viewed on retinal examination. Researchers have identified links between retinal emboli, hypertensive retinopathy lesions and retinal vein diameter which can arguably give insights into the aetiology of stroke, and provide additional information when assessing future risk of stroke and treatment plans. With the skills and equipment already possessed by optometrists, analysis of the retina for some of these risk factors could in future be carried out in optometric practice.