The CMGs offer information on the diagnosis and management of a range of conditions that present with varying frequency in primary and first contact care.
Seasonal allergic conjunctivitis (SAC) and perennial allergic conjunctivitis (PAC) are common conditions affecting the eyes and typically affects those with a history of allergy or atopic disposition. This Clinical Management Guideline sets out the aetiology, signs and symptoms and evidence-based management options for diagnosing and treating SAC and PAC. It outlines non-pharmacological and pharmacological treatment approaches and when referral may be appropriate.
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What are seasonal and perennial allergic conjunctivitis?
Seasonal Allergic Conjunctivitis (SAC) is the part of hay fever that affects the eye and is one of the most common eye problems, affecting about one fifth of adults. It is caused when something called an allergen lands on the eye surface and sets off an allergic reaction. Allergens usually travel through the air. Grass pollen is the most common of these and is at its highest levels in the summer months. The allergic reaction releases histamine into the tears and on to the surface of the eye, causing redness and swelling of the conjunctiva (the clear membrane covering the white of the eye), watering and itching. People with SAC often have allergic symptoms affecting the nose, throat and sinuses, and they may also have asthma, eczema and food or drug allergy. SAC can be unpleasant and cause people to lose time at work or school, but it does not harm the sight.
How are seasonal and perennial allergic conjunctivitis managed?
It can be treated with anti-allergy drops or antihistamines in eye drop form. Antihistamine tablets can also be helpful, and these will usually control hay fever also. Perennial Allergic Conjunctivitis (PAC) is rarer than SAC but produces similar symptoms. The main difference is that it is a reaction to an allergen that is present throughout the year, such as house dust mite. Its treatment is similar.